Used and new Tractor units IVECO 4x2, air conditioner for sale on Truck1
International - English | EUR
For seller
Add your companyPromotion servicesPaid services pricingContact support
LeasingExhibitions
More
About Truck1BlogMakes & SpecsSellers
00
Sign in or register
Catalogue
Place an adI am looking for...
For seller
Add your companyPromotion servicesPaid services pricingContact support
LeasingExhibitions
More
About Truck1BlogMakes & SpecsSellers
For seller
For seller Add your companyPromotion servicesPaid services pricingContact support
LeasingExhibitions
More
More About Truck1BlogMakes & SpecsSellers
International - English | EUR
Place an ad
I am looking for...

Tractor units IVECO
4x2, air conditioner

Results found: 192
See Tractor units for lease
122
Sort by
Relevance
Relevance
Date - new ads first
Date - old ads first
Price - low to high
Price - high to low
Year of manufacture - new first
Year of manufacture - old first
Brand, model
Sort by
Relevance
Date - new ads first
Date - old ads first
Price - low to high
Price - high to low
Year of manufacture - new first
Year of manufacture - old first
Brand, model
1 / 10
20
20
50
100
IVECO
4x2
Air conditioner
Iveco S-Way 570 S-Way 4X2 Retarder 2x Tanks Standklima Navi Alcoa's - Tractor unit: picture 1
Iveco S-Way 570 S-Way 4X2 Retarder 2x Tanks Standklima Navi Alcoa's - Tractor unit: picture 2
Iveco S-Way 570 S-Way 4X2 Retarder 2x Tanks Standklima Navi Alcoa's - Tractor unit: picture 3
Iveco S-Way 570 S-Way 4X2 Retarder 2x Tanks Standklima Navi Alcoa's - Tractor unit: picture 4
Iveco S-Way 570 S-Way 4X2 Retarder 2x Tanks Standklima Navi Alcoa's - Tractor unit: picture 5
See all photos (20)

Iveco S-Way S-Way 570 4X2 Retarder 2x Tanks Standklima Navi Alcoa's

Tractor unit
2020553964 km4x2Euro 6570 hpGross weight: 20000 kg
Netherlands, Mac Arthurweg 2, 5466 AP VEGHEL, The Netherlands
Published: 23hr 56minReference number 70278506

44 900EUR

Price excl. VAT

  • ≈ 50 960 USD
  • ≈ 37 829 GBP
2020553964 km4x2Euro 6570 hpGross weight: 20000 kg
Netherlands, Mac Arthurweg 2, 5466 AP VEGHEL, The Netherlands
BAS World on Truck1
BAS World
17
V
Contact the seller
Ask for all available pictures

Iveco STRALIS 460, EURO 6, LNG, LOWDECK, RETARDER

Tractor unit
553008 km4x2Euro 6460 hpGross weight: 18000 kg
Czech Republic, Vsechromy 103, Strancice 251 63
Published: 1d

14 700EUR

Price excl. VAT

  • ≈ 16 684 USD
  • ≈ 12 385 GBP
553008 km4x2Euro 6460 hpGross weight: 18000 kg
Czech Republic, Vsechromy 103, Strancice 251 63
TIR CENTRUM s. r. o.
14
Contact the seller
Iveco X-Way 570 4X2 Retarder Hydraulik Navi Standklima LED - Tractor unit: picture 1
Iveco X-Way 570 4X2 Retarder Hydraulik Navi Standklima LED - Tractor unit: picture 2
Iveco X-Way 570 4X2 Retarder Hydraulik Navi Standklima LED - Tractor unit: picture 3
Iveco X-Way 570 4X2 Retarder Hydraulik Navi Standklima LED - Tractor unit: picture 4
Iveco X-Way 570 4X2 Retarder Hydraulik Navi Standklima LED - Tractor unit: picture 5
See all photos (20)

Iveco X-Way 570 4X2 Retarder Hydraulik Navi Standklima LED

Tractor unit
2021267272 km4x2Euro 6570 hpPayload: 13526 kgGross weight: 20500 kg
Netherlands, Mac Arthurweg 2, 5466 AP VEGHEL, The Netherlands
Published: 2dReference number 70284905

56 900EUR

Price excl. VAT

  • ≈ 64 580 USD
  • ≈ 47 939 GBP
2021267272 km4x2Euro 6570 hpPayload: 13526 kgGross weight: 20500 kg
Netherlands, Mac Arthurweg 2, 5466 AP VEGHEL, The Netherlands
BAS World on Truck1
BAS World
17
V
Contact the seller
Iveco S-Way 480 4X2 Retarder Hydrauliek Navi ACC Euro 6 - Tractor unit: picture 1
Iveco S-Way 480 4X2 Retarder Hydrauliek Navi ACC Euro 6 - Tractor unit: picture 2
Iveco S-Way 480 4X2 Retarder Hydrauliek Navi ACC Euro 6 - Tractor unit: picture 3
Iveco S-Way 480 4X2 Retarder Hydrauliek Navi ACC Euro 6 - Tractor unit: picture 4
Iveco S-Way 480 4X2 Retarder Hydrauliek Navi ACC Euro 6 - Tractor unit: picture 5
See all photos (20)

Iveco S-Way 480 4X2 Retarder Hydrauliek Navi ACC Euro 6

Tractor unit
2020486067 km4x2Euro 6480 hpPayload: 13235 kgGross weight: 20000 kg
Netherlands, Mac Arthurweg 2, 5466 AP VEGHEL, The Netherlands
Published: 2dReference number 70284581

37 950EUR

Price excl. VAT

  • ≈ 43 072 USD
  • ≈ 31 973 GBP
2020486067 km4x2Euro 6480 hpPayload: 13235 kgGross weight: 20000 kg
Netherlands, Mac Arthurweg 2, 5466 AP VEGHEL, The Netherlands
BAS World on Truck1
BAS World
17
V
Contact the seller
Iveco X-Way 480 4X2 Retarder Hydrauliek Navi ACC Euro 6 - Tractor unit: picture 1
Iveco X-Way 480 4X2 Retarder Hydrauliek Navi ACC Euro 6 - Tractor unit: picture 2
Iveco X-Way 480 4X2 Retarder Hydrauliek Navi ACC Euro 6 - Tractor unit: picture 3
Iveco X-Way 480 4X2 Retarder Hydrauliek Navi ACC Euro 6 - Tractor unit: picture 4
Iveco X-Way 480 4X2 Retarder Hydrauliek Navi ACC Euro 6 - Tractor unit: picture 5
See all photos (20)

Iveco X-Way 480 4X2 Retarder Hydrauliek Navi ACC Euro 6

Tractor unit
2021100828 km4x2Euro 6480 hpPayload: 13636 kgGross weight: 20500 kg
Netherlands, Mac Arthurweg 2, 5466 AP VEGHEL, The Netherlands
Published: 2dReference number 70284580

47 400EUR

Price excl. VAT

  • ≈ 53 798 USD
  • ≈ 39 935 GBP
2021100828 km4x2Euro 6480 hpPayload: 13636 kgGross weight: 20500 kg
Netherlands, Mac Arthurweg 2, 5466 AP VEGHEL, The Netherlands
BAS World on Truck1
BAS World
17
V
Contact the seller
IVECO SWAY 510CV - Tractor unit: picture 1
IVECO SWAY 510CV - Tractor unit: picture 2
IVECO SWAY 510CV - Tractor unit: picture 3
IVECO SWAY 510CV - Tractor unit: picture 4
IVECO SWAY 510CV - Tractor unit: picture 5
See all photos (11)

IVECO SWAY 510CV

Tractor unit
2020850000 km4x2Euro 6510 hp
Italy, Сatania
Published: 2d

42 000EUR

Price excl. VAT

  • ≈ 47 669 USD
  • ≈ 35 386 GBP
2020850000 km4x2Euro 6510 hp
Italy, Сatania
CO.V.IN. SPA
1
S
Contact the seller
Iveco Stralis AS400 / LNG / Retarder / High Way / Automatic / 483 DKM / Belgium Truck - Tractor unit: picture 1
Iveco Stralis AS400 / LNG / Retarder / High Way / Automatic / 483 DKM / Belgium Truck - Tractor unit: picture 2
Iveco Stralis AS400 / LNG / Retarder / High Way / Automatic / 483 DKM / Belgium Truck - Tractor unit: picture 3
Iveco Stralis AS400 / LNG / Retarder / High Way / Automatic / 483 DKM / Belgium Truck - Tractor unit: picture 4
Iveco Stralis AS400 / LNG / Retarder / High Way / Automatic / 483 DKM / Belgium Truck - Tractor unit: picture 5
See all photos (16)

IvecoStralis AS400 / LNG / Retarder / High Way / Automatic / 483 DKM / Belgium Truck

Tractor unit
2017483980 km4x2Euro 6400 hp
Netherlands, Orionstraat 00024 5015BR, Tilburg, Netherlands
Published: 2dReference number T460

12 800EUR

Price excl. VAT

  • ≈ 14 527 USD
  • ≈ 10 784 GBP
2017483980 km4x2Euro 6400 hp
Netherlands, Orionstraat 00024 5015BR, Tilburg, Netherlands
Used Truck Point BV
5
Contact the seller
Iveco Stralis AS400 / LNG / Retarder / High Way / Automatic / 465 DKM / Belgium Truck - Tractor unit: picture 1
Iveco Stralis AS400 / LNG / Retarder / High Way / Automatic / 465 DKM / Belgium Truck - Tractor unit: picture 2
Iveco Stralis AS400 / LNG / Retarder / High Way / Automatic / 465 DKM / Belgium Truck - Tractor unit: picture 3
Iveco Stralis AS400 / LNG / Retarder / High Way / Automatic / 465 DKM / Belgium Truck - Tractor unit: picture 4
Iveco Stralis AS400 / LNG / Retarder / High Way / Automatic / 465 DKM / Belgium Truck - Tractor unit: picture 5
See all photos (16)

IvecoStralis AS400 / LNG / Retarder / High Way / Automatic / 465 DKM / Belgium Truck

Tractor unit
2017465312 km4x2Euro 6400 hp
Netherlands, Orionstraat 00024 5015BR, Tilburg, Netherlands
Published: 2dReference number T459

12 800EUR

Price excl. VAT

  • ≈ 14 527 USD
  • ≈ 10 784 GBP
2017465312 km4x2Euro 6400 hp
Netherlands, Orionstraat 00024 5015BR, Tilburg, Netherlands
Used Truck Point BV
5
Contact the seller
IVECO Stralis AS440S48T/FP-LT XP - Tractor unit: picture 1
IVECO Stralis AS440S48T/FP-LT XP - Tractor unit: picture 2
IVECO Stralis AS440S48T/FP-LT XP - Tractor unit: picture 3
IVECO Stralis AS440S48T/FP-LT XP - Tractor unit: picture 4
IVECO Stralis AS440S48T/FP-LT XP - Tractor unit: picture 5
See all photos (15)

IVECO Stralis AS440S48T/FP-LT XP

Tractor unit
2017361500 km4x2Euro 6479 hpGross weight: 18000 kg
Bulgaria, Okolovrasten pat str. 757, 1336 Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: 2dReference number SIT_HIGH3842

43 500EUR

Price excl. VAT

  • ≈ 49 371 USD
  • ≈ 36 650 GBP
2017361500 km4x2Euro 6479 hpGross weight: 18000 kg
Bulgaria, Okolovrasten pat str. 757, 1336 Sofia, Bulgaria
BULAUTO BULGARIA AD
1
I
Contact the seller
IVECO Stralis AS440S48T/P - Tractor unit: picture 1
IVECO Stralis AS440S48T/P - Tractor unit: picture 2
IVECO Stralis AS440S48T/P - Tractor unit: picture 3
IVECO Stralis AS440S48T/P - Tractor unit: picture 4
IVECO Stralis AS440S48T/P - Tractor unit: picture 5
See all photos (5)

IVECO Stralis AS440S48T/P

Tractor unit
2018398706 km4x2Euro 6479 hpGross weight: 18000 kg
Bulgaria, Okolovrasten pat str. 757, 1336 Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: 2dReference number SIT_HIGH4532

38 000EUR

Price excl. VAT

  • ≈ 43 129 USD
  • ≈ 32 016 GBP
2018398706 km4x2Euro 6479 hpGross weight: 18000 kg
Bulgaria, Okolovrasten pat str. 757, 1336 Sofia, Bulgaria
BULAUTO BULGARIA AD
1
I
Contact the seller
IVECO Stralis AS440S46T/P - Tractor unit: picture 1
IVECO Stralis AS440S46T/P - Tractor unit: picture 2
IVECO Stralis AS440S46T/P - Tractor unit: picture 3
IVECO Stralis AS440S46T/P - Tractor unit: picture 4
IVECO Stralis AS440S46T/P - Tractor unit: picture 5
See all photos (6)

IVECO Stralis AS440S46T/P

Tractor unit
2017327650 km4x2Euro 6459 hpGross weight: 18000 kg
Bulgaria, Okolovrasten pat str. 757, 1336 Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: 2dReference number SIT_HIGH4361

36 500EUR

Price excl. VAT

  • ≈ 41 426 USD
  • ≈ 30 752 GBP
2017327650 km4x2Euro 6459 hpGross weight: 18000 kg
Bulgaria, Okolovrasten pat str. 757, 1336 Sofia, Bulgaria
BULAUTO BULGARIA AD
1
I
Contact the seller
Ask for all available pictures

IVECO Stralis AS440S48T/P

Tractor unit
476214 km4x2Euro 6479 hp
Bulgaria, Okolovrasten pat str. 757, 1336 Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: 2dReference number SIT_HIGH4511

36 000EUR

Price excl. VAT

  • ≈ 40 859 USD
  • ≈ 30 331 GBP
476214 km4x2Euro 6479 hp
Bulgaria, Okolovrasten pat str. 757, 1336 Sofia, Bulgaria
BULAUTO BULGARIA AD
1
I
Contact the seller
Ask for all available pictures

IVECO Stralis AS440S48T/FP-LT XP

Tractor unit
2017366200 km4x2Euro 6479 hpGross weight: 18000 kg
Bulgaria, Okolovrasten pat str. 757, 1336 Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: 2dReference number SIT_HIGH3830

45 000EUR

Price excl. VAT

  • ≈ 51 074 USD
  • ≈ 37 913 GBP
2017366200 km4x2Euro 6479 hpGross weight: 18000 kg
Bulgaria, Okolovrasten pat str. 757, 1336 Sofia, Bulgaria
BULAUTO BULGARIA AD
1
I
Contact the seller
IVECO AS440T/P - Tractor unit: picture 1
IVECO AS440T/P - Tractor unit: picture 2
IVECO AS440T/P - Tractor unit: picture 3
IVECO AS440T/P - Tractor unit: picture 4
IVECO AS440T/P - Tractor unit: picture 5
See all photos (10)

IVECO AS440T/P

Tractor unit
2015632700 km4x2Euro 6
Italy, Via Postumia Ovest, 28 31048 San Biagio di Callalta (TV), Italy
Published: 3dReference number 2804
Ask for price
2015632700 km4x2Euro 6
Italy, Via Postumia Ovest, 28 31048 San Biagio di Callalta (TV), Italy
TOP CAR S.R.L.
Contact the seller
IVECO 2 x AS 440/460 Stralis, Retarder, LNG, Gas, - Tractor unit: picture 1
IVECO 2 x AS 440/460 Stralis, Retarder, LNG, Gas, - Tractor unit: picture 2
IVECO 2 x AS 440/460 Stralis, Retarder, LNG, Gas, - Tractor unit: picture 3
IVECO 2 x AS 440/460 Stralis, Retarder, LNG, Gas, - Tractor unit: picture 4
IVECO 2 x AS 440/460 Stralis, Retarder, LNG, Gas, - Tractor unit: picture 5
See all photos (15)

IVECO 2 x AS 440/460 Stralis, Retarder, LNG, Gas,

Tractor unit
2020440124 km4x2Euro 6459 hpPayload: 11062 kgGross weight: 18000 kg
Germany, Hansawinkel 4
Published: 3dReference number 69288

19 800EUR

Price excl. VAT

  • ≈ 22 472 USD
  • ≈ 16 682 GBP
2020440124 km4x2Euro 6459 hpPayload: 11062 kgGross weight: 18000 kg
Germany, Hansawinkel 4
A1-Truck GmbH
10
Contact the seller
IVECO AS 440/460 Stralis, Retarder, LNG, Gas, - Tractor unit: picture 1
IVECO AS 440/460 Stralis, Retarder, LNG, Gas, - Tractor unit: picture 2
IVECO AS 440/460 Stralis, Retarder, LNG, Gas, - Tractor unit: picture 3
IVECO AS 440/460 Stralis, Retarder, LNG, Gas, - Tractor unit: picture 4
IVECO AS 440/460 Stralis, Retarder, LNG, Gas, - Tractor unit: picture 5
See all photos (15)

IVECO AS 440/460 Stralis, Retarder, LNG, Gas,

Tractor unit
2020353736 km4x2Euro 6459 hpPayload: 11062 kgGross weight: 18000 kg
Germany, Hansawinkel 4
Published: 3dReference number 69626

21 800EUR

Price excl. VAT

  • ≈ 24 742 USD
  • ≈ 18 367 GBP
2020353736 km4x2Euro 6459 hpPayload: 11062 kgGross weight: 18000 kg
Germany, Hansawinkel 4
A1-Truck GmbH
10
Contact the seller
IVECO Stralis AS 440/460 Stralis, Retarder, LNG, Gas, - Tractor unit: picture 1
IVECO Stralis AS 440/460 Stralis, Retarder, LNG, Gas, - Tractor unit: picture 2
IVECO Stralis AS 440/460 Stralis, Retarder, LNG, Gas, - Tractor unit: picture 3
IVECO Stralis AS 440/460 Stralis, Retarder, LNG, Gas, - Tractor unit: picture 4
IVECO Stralis AS 440/460 Stralis, Retarder, LNG, Gas, - Tractor unit: picture 5
See all photos (15)

IVECO Stralis AS 440/460 Stralis, Retarder, LNG, Gas,

Tractor unit
2020337280 km4x2Euro 6459 hpPayload: 11062 kgGross weight: 18000 kg
Germany, Hansawinkel 4
Published: 3dReference number 69312

24 800EUR

Price excl. VAT

  • ≈ 28 147 USD
  • ≈ 20 894 GBP
2020337280 km4x2Euro 6459 hpPayload: 11062 kgGross weight: 18000 kg
Germany, Hansawinkel 4
A1-Truck GmbH
10
Contact the seller
Iveco Stralis 460 Gas, 2 LNG-Tanks, Retarder, - Tractor unit: picture 1
Iveco Stralis 460 Gas, 2 LNG-Tanks, Retarder, - Tractor unit: picture 2
Iveco Stralis 460 Gas, 2 LNG-Tanks, Retarder, - Tractor unit: picture 3
Iveco Stralis 460 Gas, 2 LNG-Tanks, Retarder, - Tractor unit: picture 4
Iveco Stralis 460 Gas, 2 LNG-Tanks, Retarder, - Tractor unit: picture 5
See all photos (14)

Iveco Stralis 460 Gas, 2 LNG-Tanks, Retarder,

Tractor unit
382000 km4x2Euro 6459 hpGross weight: 18000 kg
Austria, Hofgasse 25, AT-4063 Hörsching, Austria
Published: 3dReference number 420444

19 900EUR

Price excl. VAT

  • ≈ 22 586 USD
  • ≈ 16 766 GBP
382000 km4x2Euro 6459 hpGross weight: 18000 kg
Austria, Hofgasse 25, AT-4063 Hörsching, Austria
MG Handel GmbH
14
Contact the seller
Iveco Stralis 460 Hi-Way 4x2Tractor -Tipper hydraulic - Tractor unit: picture 1
Iveco Stralis 460 Hi-Way 4x2Tractor -Tipper hydraulic - Tractor unit: picture 2
Iveco Stralis 460 Hi-Way 4x2Tractor -Tipper hydraulic - Tractor unit: picture 3
Iveco Stralis 460 Hi-Way 4x2Tractor -Tipper hydraulic - Tractor unit: picture 4
Iveco Stralis 460 Hi-Way 4x2Tractor -Tipper hydraulic - Tractor unit: picture 5
See all photos (14)

Iveco Stralis 460 Hi-Way 4x2Tractor -Tipper hydraulic

Tractor unit
2017573189 km4x2Euro 6460 hpGross weight: 18000 kg
Croatia, Karlovacka cesta 94, 10250 Lucko – Zagreb, Croatia

18 500EUR

Price excl. VAT

  • ≈ 20 997 USD
  • ≈ 15 586 GBP
2017573189 km4x2Euro 6460 hpGross weight: 18000 kg
Croatia, Karlovacka cesta 94, 10250 Lucko – Zagreb, Croatia
VOLVO GROUP CROATIA d.o.o. - Renault Trucks
3
R
Contact the seller
Iveco stralis hi way 480 - Tractor unit: picture 1
Iveco stralis hi way 480 - Tractor unit: picture 2
Iveco stralis hi way 480 - Tractor unit: picture 3
Iveco stralis hi way 480 - Tractor unit: picture 4
Iveco stralis hi way 480 - Tractor unit: picture 5
See all photos (6)

iveco stralis hi way 480

Tractor unit
2014430000 km4x2Euro 6480 hp
Italy, VIA CALDERARI 27 86021 BOJANO CB, Italy
Published: 5dReference number 3398780021

26 000EUR

  • ≈ 29 509 USD
  • ≈ 21 905 GBP
2014430000 km4x2Euro 6480 hp
Italy, VIA CALDERARI 27 86021 BOJANO CB, Italy
TURCO CARG S.R.L
Contact the seller
1 / 10
1234567...10
Page 1 of 10
20
20
50
100
Prices for  Tractor units IVECO
Iveco Stralis 460 E6 4X2 NL-Truck Mega 2xTanks Xenon Euro 6year of manufacture: 2015, mileage: 606544 km, axle configuration: 4x2, emission class: Euro 6, power output: 420 hp, payload: 10805 kg, gross weight: 18600 kg11 900 EUR
Iveco Stralis NP 400 Hi-Way BL LNG*Retarder/Standklima year of manufacture: 2017, mileage: 588000 km, axle configuration: 4x2, emission class: Euro 6, power output: 400 hp, gross weight: 18000 kg9 990 EUR
Iveco Stralis 480 / ZF Intarder / Standklimayear of manufacture: 2019, mileage: 325730 km, axle configuration: 4x2, emission class: Euro 6, power output: 480 hp, gross weight: 18000 kg32 000 EUR
IVECO AS440T/FP-LTyear of manufacture: 2013, mileage: 1070000 km, axle configuration: 4x2, emission class: Euro 5, power output: 453 hp, payload: 19000 kg, gross weight: 44000 kg11 500 EUR
Iveco AS440S46T/FP-LT HI-WAY 2x fueltank height adjustable 5th wheelyear of manufacture: 2018, mileage: 638972 km, axle configuration: 4x2, emission class: Euro 6, power output: 460 hp, payload: 9641 kg, gross weight: 18000 kg14 750 EUR
IVECO Stralis AS440S40TPyear of manufacture: 2017, mileage: 548894 km, axle configuration: 4x2, emission class: Euro 6, power output: 399 hp39 500 EUR
Iveco Stralis 500 / INTARDER / PARKCOOL / FRIDGE / 2XBED / AIRCO / SMART TACHO / AUTOMATIC / EURO-4 / 2008year of manufacture: 2008, mileage: 1229164 km, axle configuration: 4x2, emission class: Euro 4, power output: 500 hp, payload: 11545 kg, gross weight: 19000 kg8 200 EUR
Iveco S-Way 460 NP LNG ACC Intarder Naviyear of manufacture: 2021, mileage: 298616 km, axle configuration: 4x2, emission class: Euro 6, power output: 460 hp, gross weight: 18000 kg29 890 EUR
IVECO Stralis AS 440/460 Stralis, Retarder, LNG, Gas,year of manufacture: 2020, mileage: 337280 km, axle configuration: 4x2, emission class: Euro 6, power output: 459 hp, payload: 11062 kg, gross weight: 18000 kg24 800 EUR
Iveco S-Way 340 4X2 NEW! ActiveTime Alcoa's ACC LEDNew, year of manufacture: 2023, mileage: 389 km, axle configuration: 4x2, emission class: Euro 6, power output: 340 hp, payload: 13443 kg, gross weight: 20000 kg63 900 EUR
T1 new listing page - Tractor units IVECO
By clicking any link or object on this website, you unconditionally agree and authorize us to process your personal data, including the use of cookies and other tracking technologies. It is implemented to enhance and personalize your experience on this website, other our websites and websites of third-party advertisers cooperating with us. Our partnering companies may also store cookies on your device or use similar technologies to collect and process the personal information. Learn more about how we treat your private information.